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Ayub Khan

Personal Profile

Ayub Khan
  • Birth Name:
    Muhammad Ayub Khan
  • Date of Birth:
    May 14, 1907
  • Zodiac Sign:
    Taurus
  • Place of Birth:
    Haripur, British India
  • Place of Death:
    Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Date of Death:
    April 19, 1974
  • Sex:
    Male
  • Nationality:
    Pakistani
  • Religion:
    Islam

Family

Ayub Khan
  • Son:
    Gohar Ayub Khan

Career

Ayub Khan

Trivia

Ayub Khan
  • On June 8, 1962, Martial Law was lifted from Pakistan and the new Constitution was introduced. According to this new Constitution, Presidential form of government and the principle of Basic Democracy were introduced. The imposition of the Constitution made no change in the powers of Ayub Khan and he remained President even under the new setup.
  • Presidential elections were held in 1965. The Combined Opposition Party nominated Fatima Jinnah as their candidate in the election but Ayub Khan managed to sweep the polls.
  • His critics consider rigging as the chief cause of his victory as they believe that Fatima Jinnah secured fewer votes than her popularity, which was quite visible during her public meetings before the election.
  • However, another factor considered for her defeat was that the franchise was limited in the election. Masses only had a chance to turn up in the public meetings but had no right to vote.
  • On March 25, 1969, he resigned and handed over the power to the Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army, General Muhammad Yahya Khan.
  • Every thing was moving in the right direction for Ayub Khan till the start of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965.
  • He is also criticized his role at the Tashkent Declaration.
  • Ayub Khan created an environment where the private sector was encouraged to establish medium and small-scale industries in Pakistan.
  • Ayub Khan was the first Pakistani ruler who attempted to bring in land reforms but the idea was not implemented properly.
  • Ayub Khan initiated Family Laws in the country.

Quotes

Ayub Khan
  • "We have an active program. We have nuclear weapons, we are a nuclear power. We have an advanced missiles program."
  • "Pakistan has made no mention of ending our tests. We have a missile program, and it is in the national interest whatever we want to do."
  • “There has to be proper supervision. The director might expect a dog to jump from a height of six feet. We can't play with the lives of our livelihood. We treat them like our children. The guidelines must be followed strictly.”
  • “We thought the bomb was detonated by remote control, but now it appears to be a suicide attack.”
  • “The latest tests are particularly provocative as they are by nature aimed at perfection of battlefield tactical weapons threatening the security of India's immediate neighbors, ... Pakistan once again reiterates that it will take all measures in consonance with the threat posed to Pakistan's security and the need for the protection of our national interests.”
  • “[Asked in an interview with U.S. network ABC's] Nightline ... One cannot rule it out. The prime minister has not said anything in his speech in this regard.”
  • “Pakistan has made no mention of ending our tests, ... We have a missile program, and it is in the national interest whatever we want to do.”
  • “Yes, by the grace of God.”
  • “We have an active program ... we have nuclear weapons, we are a nuclear power, ... We have an advanced missiles program.”
  • “We were forced into this situation. Unfortunately our friends did not stand by us, ... The action they are taking now should have been taken long ago by all concerned parties.”
View all Quotes: Ayub Khan

Biography

Ayub Khan
Last Updated: Tuesday, September 29, 2009

Ayub Khan Muhammad Ayub Khan was born  in the village of Rehana near Haripur, in Hazara District. He was the first child of the second wife of Mir Dad Khan, who was a Risaldar Major in Hodson's Horse. According to Ayub, his father had the greatest influence on his character, outlook, and attitude towards life. For his basic education, he was enrolled in a school in Sarai Saleh, which was about 4 miles from his village. He used to go to school on a mule's back. Later he was shifted to a school in Haripur, where he started living with his grandmother.

As a child he was interested in playing kabaddi, gulli danda, marbles and hockey. After passing his Matriculation Examination in 1922, Ayub was sent to Aligarh University where he spent four years. However, before appearing in his B. A. exams, he was selected for the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He sailed for England in 1926.

Ayub's performance in Sandhurst was exemplary and he won several scholarships. After the completion of training, he got commissioned in the Indian Army in 1928. He fought at different fronts during World War II, first as a Major and then Colonel. During the communal riots of 1947, he was assigned to assist General Pete Rees in the Punjab Boundary Force. At the time of Independence, Ayub Khan opted to join the Pakistan Army, where as a Brigadier, he was the senior-most Muslim officer. In 1951, he was raised to the status of a four-star General and was appointed as the first local Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army.

The first time military was directly involved in politics of the country was when Ayub Khan, a serving Commander-in-Chief, was inducted into Muhammad Ali Bogra's Federal Cabinet in 1954, and was given the portfolio of Defense. As Commander-in-Chief and Defense Minister, Ayub Khan played a key role in negotiations concerning Pakistan's entry into United States' sponsored military alliances, C. E. N. T. O. and S. E. A. T. O. On October 7, 1958, Iskander Mirza enforced the first Martial Law in Pakistan with the help of Ayub Khan. Ayub Khan was designated as the Chief Martial Law Administrator. However, the two leaders couldn't work together for long. Ayub Khan snatched away Mirzas' powers and assumed charge as the President of Pakistan, in addition to his role as Chief Martial Law Administrator. Later on he gave himself the rank of Field Marshal.

Most people in Pakistan welcomed Ayub Khan's takeover because they were sick and tired of the political instability that had racked the country since its birth in 1947. Immediately after assuming his new responsibilities, Ayub tried to wipeout corruption and get rid of several social problems the country was facing. All these steps enhanced Ayub's popularity among the masses. However, he was conscious of the fact that he could not rule under military cover for long and thus appointed a Constitutional Commission headed by Justice Shahab-ud-din. On Ayub's instructions, the report presented by the Commission on May 6, 1961, was examined by many committees, modified, and was finally given the shape of a Constitution.

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